\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/74\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/74\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-5-Version-3.jpg\/aid2669706-v4-728px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-5-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The weight alone will not define a rocks value, but it can help you when comparing it to other samples. $7.68 shipping. Slag: Slag is often black, shiny, and sometimes almost iridescent. It is estimated that the global slag rock market is worth more than $10 billion, and the market is growing rapidly. However, an unpolished diamond is not as attractive as the finished product, but its highly valuable. In most rocks, youll find small intrusions of other elements embedded in the surface. The stones will have a burned . However, youre more likely to win a jackpot a couple of times than discover a piece of space rock. ", How to Tell if the Rock You Found Might Be a Meteorite, https://meteorites.asu.edu/meteorites/meteorite-appearance, https://www.meteorites-for-sale.com/meteorite-identification.html#meteorite-testing, https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/i-think-i-found-meteorite-how-can-i-tell-sure, http://meteorites.pdx.edu/meteoriteid.htm, https://nau.edu/cefns/labs/meteorite/about/meteorite-identification/, http://meteorite.unm.edu/meteorites/meteorite-museum/how-id-meteorite/#heat, http://www.meteorite-recon.com/home/meteorite-documentaries/meteorite-fusion-crust, http://www.spacerocks.org/meteorite-identification.html, http://meteorite.unm.edu/meteorites/meteorite-museum/how-id-meteorite/#holes, https://planetary.msfc.nasa.gov/Meteorites_and_Craters_files/Meteorite_form.pdf, https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/Meteorite/PDF/FAM_HandOut_HowDoYouIdentify.pdf, http://meteorites.wustl.edu/id/streak.htm, http://meteorite-identification.com/streak.html, http://meteorite.unm.edu/meteorites/meteorite-museum/how-id-meteorite/#chondrules, saber si la roca que has encontrado es un meteorito, Erachter komen of een steen een meteoriet is, Erkennen ob der Stein den du gefunden hast ein Meteorit sein knnte, Capire se la Roccia che hai Trovato un Meteorite, , , , , . If you can scratch the mineral with your fingernail, it has a hardness of 2.5 Mohs, which is very soft. Some parks allow limiting rockhounding, but most need you only to remove rocks that are in plain sight. Porcelain has a hardness of 7, and anything that has a hardness above 7 will not produce a streak. Bog iron is sometimes hard to tell apart from slag, especially since bad runs of the furnace produced slag high in iron content. Pyrite is a brittle substance with a much lower density than softer gold. Despite these advantages, gravel is still a popular choice for many people. Although irregular in shape, most meteorites will have edges that are rounded rather than sharp. The impurities in the ore, such as silicon and carbon, react with the oxygen in the air to create slag. Semi-precious stones like garnets and opals are more valuable when they show fewer intrusions. If you shop at yard sales or flea markets, be on the lookout for cheap rocks. A piece of white porcelain or ceramic is the ideal tool to use to discover which minerals are contained in the rock. Different Types of Shiny Black Rock. Slag rock is used in construction, as a filling material, and as a road surface. They work by providing a perfectly level . Gravel, on the other hand, is seen as a more natural product. This test can help differentiate such minerals as gold, which leaves a yellow streak, from chalcpyrite, which leaves a black streak. Slag rock is a very durable material that is resistant to weathering and erosion. Put it on it's edge on a flat, hard surface. Steel Slag Rock Cost. Follow through with all that you can, as Earth rocks are often mistaken for meteorites. Hiking through the woods or strolling along the beach, you may see an unusual rock, and if it's your lucky day the rock may be valuable. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. #2. Slag rocks that are made of different metals will have different textures, depending on the temperature at which the metal was melted. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. It had no cracks, repairs, or chips. Distinguishing rocks from other building materials such as slag or brick is the first step to making accurate observations when you hunt for rocks. A 4-pound lunar meteorite . Red beryl is valued higher than blue beryl because of its rarity, but a sample that has several imperfections will have a much lower monetary value. If the owners are wary of trusting an unknown rockhound, they may refuse to allow your search. Gravel, on the other hand, is a more expensive product. Because they look so much like common materials, such as lava rocks or slag from a smelting plant, it's easy to misidentify them. Any stone that scratches porcelain instead of leaving a streak has a hardness of about 6.5 Mohs. are . Last year a 10.5-ounce meteorite that originated on Mars fetched $94,000. It has glassy shell, metal some of its parts, bubbles and tunnels in it. Most meteorites originate from larger asteroid bodies orbiting the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Color does help identify some rocks, such as the monochromatic azurite with its deep azure color, but many minerals have combinations or colors or hues caused by the presences of impurities. Diamond is the hardest mineral; its hardness is 10 Mohs, and you can scratch one only with another diamond. Most sell pieces of natural flint for $5 a pound. Steel slag costs $25 to $39 per ton or $35 to $54 per yard, depending on the quantity ordered and size of stones. Going Camping? These removed sulfur remain in the form of CaS in the blast furnace slag and then enter the slag wool. Slag rock is a type of rock that is created when metal is melted and separated from the slag, or waste, in a furnace. Get free estimates from crushed stone and gravel suppliers near you or view . Slag rock is a type of rock that is created when metal is melted and then poured into a mould. is an ideal way to monitor composition during production to make sure it performs as needed and to evaluate its worth following production. The slag occurs as . Meteorites do have bubbles and they are called vesicles. Look for beach areas with small stones and pebbles. Answer (1 of 13): Depends what you define as slag. If youre having trouble discerning between holes and regmaglypts, it may be useful to view side-by-side comparisons of these features online to learn how to spot the difference. Bring a small plastic beach spade or use a piece of driftwood to gently dig through the pebbles for treasures below the surface. The Best Campground In America Is Right Here In Michigan, 4 Train-Themed Stays You Can Enjoy in West Michigan, Michigan Police Can No Longer Have Intercourse with Sex Workers, 1,979 Feet Above Sea Level, This Is The Highest Point In Michigan, Take a Look at the Oldest Surviving Public Building in Michigan, Michigan DNR Needs You To Check Your Trees For This Invasive Species, 10 Low-Light Friendly Houseplants That Will Survive in Michigan, One of Michigans Most Unique and Rare Gemstones Isnt Even a Gem. "I am familiar with stony iron meteorites from rock shops and gem and mineral shows. References Before you travel to a mine for rockhounding, contact the mines central office to find the admission charge and hours of operations. Heavy iron meteorites are frequently solid, dark-grey in color. The physical and chemical properties of rock and slag wool . Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. Not all rare and valuable rocks originated on Earth; meteorites are rarer than gold or diamonds, and one can turn up almost anywhere. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, U.S. government agency responsible for conducting scientific research on the nation's land, natural resources, and natural disasters, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c5\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-3-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-3-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/c\/c5\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-3-Version-3.jpg\/aid2669706-v4-728px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-3-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The site goes on to say that Leland Blue Stones can be found in a multitude of colors and have, themselves, become an new kind of industry with stones being used in jewelry, decorations and more. North Carolina, with thirteen public sites, has more open mines than any other state. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/41\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/4\/41\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/aid2669706-v4-728px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Going scouting tomorrow! Your tests will be helpful. If youre unable to do this on your own, you can take it into a laboratory for specialist testing. Magnetic: Since most meteorites contain metallic iron, a magnet will often stick to them. Although pyrite is not as valuable as gold, the mineral sometimes occurs in the same rock formations as gold. #glassslag #rockhounding #LelandBlue #thefinders All these clips of glass slag rock hunting are from a year or so ago. Rock and Slag Wool . Gravel spreading costs $12 per yard or $46 per hour. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-9-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-9-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-9-Version-3.jpg\/aid2669706-v4-728px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-9-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The only state park in the country that allows free collecting is Rockhound State Park. If you are not sure what type of metal a slag rock is made of, you can take it to a lab to have it tested. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. You obviously don't want to crush your rock if you think it's valuable, but that isn't necessary. Rinsing the stones in water brings out their color and markings. One way to gain the trust of local owners is to join a respected rockhounding group that has a clean record of searching on private lands. Pyrite is famously known as fools gold because some early prospectors thought the mineral was gold. However, a diamond is four times harder than a corundum. Most rocks fall under 7 for hardness, and the harder ones are much easier to identify than the softer rocks and minerals. By checking for common visual and physical markers of a meteorite, you can determine whether the rock youve found is actually extraterrestrial in origin. Yes, the article did help me out. Although pyrite is a dull gold color, its color streak is black. For an unglazed ceramic tile, you can use the unfinished bottom of a bathroom or kitchen tile, the unglazed bottom of a ceramic coffee mug, or the inside of a toilet tank cover. It is made up of tiny glass-like particles that have been fused together. Slag can be made from either ferrous (containing iron) or non-ferrous metals (containing no iron). I just wanted to know, what do I have here? wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Since most of you cant bring a sclerometer with you on a rockhounding trip, the Mohs scale is a useful alternative to determine a rocks hardness. As the years advanced, collectors became even more eager to find these rare pieces . Similarly on Etsy, prices range from under $20 to over $100 but that's mostly due to the type of purchase you're making. A piece of polished obsidian owned by George S. Patton would cost far more than a similar rock you found last weekend at the quarry. Since theyre not native to this planet, meteorites are much rarer and expensive than all of the precious metals and gemstones. By Joel E. Arem, Ph.D., FGA, International Gem Society. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. A Fenton opaline cookie jar recently sold for $300, and . Scrape your rock against the unglazed side of a ceramic tile; if it leaves any streak other than a weak grayish one, it is not a meteorite. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. The Mohs hardness scale assigns a number between one and ten to each stone to represent its hardness. For a small fee, you can purchase a geological map for your state that displays the best areas to search for rocks and artifacts. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Because of the vast accumulation of glaciers and volcanic sites, Wrangell St. Elias is a geologists dream location. Slag comes in all colors but yours is really excellent with all the swirls. Slag is a by-product of the metallurgical smelting process. The combination of jade's history and magnificent appearance makes the stone so valuable and popular. Slag rocks are often used to identify the type of metal that was used to create something. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. When you scrape a piece of pure gold against porcelain, it produces a gold stripe. Slag is used as a base for roads, as a replacement for sand in mortar, and as a component of concrete. Slag rocks that are made of copper, for example, will be a greenish color, while slag rocks that are made of iron will be a rusty red color. 264 g Green Slag Stone Iron Ore Glass Rock. Quartz and agates are abundant in the park, but youre prohibiting from using digging or prospecting equipment to remove the rocks. You cant apply the same reasoning to a material like lead since it has a high density, low Mohs value, and is not as valuable as precious metals. Slag is usually a dark, glassy material with a metallic luster. The color of rock can help you identify if its valuable or not, but it is not a determining factor. The bog iron I have seen also often has stones in it. This is a thin black rind, sometimes shiny, sometimes matte black, which forms while falling meteoroids are super-heated in the atmosphere. Enjoy! Delivery is included up to 10 miles. Gallium can be purchased in science fair kits from Walmart for $36 for 50g. The kit contains files that are made from apatite (5), orthoclase (6), quartz (7), topaz (8), and corundum (9). No matter how you spell it, j adeite is that gorgeous green milk glass found in old homes, estate sales, flea markets and antique malls all over the U.S. and Canada. 1.5.1.6 Slag. You can purchase a Mohs testing kit (Amazon link) that will provide a more accurate representation of the Mohs scale. Archeological sites and historical landmarks are off-limits to rock hunters, and some areas impose stiff fines and possible prison time for violators. A Mohs scale is a helpful tool for experienced rockhounds, but its an ordinal scale that doesnt represent a rocks absolute hardness. You want a smaller size though. "Mineral wool" is a generic term that can encompass rock wool, stone wool (a synonym), or slag wool. Private owners run most quarries and private mines. However, failing to pass the magnet test is a very strong indication that your rock is probably not a meteorite. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/aid2669706-v4-728px-Tell-if-the-Rock-You-Found-Might-Be-a-Meteorite-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Because . Let me explain. You can conduct a streak test with a piece of unglazed porcelain the back of a porcelain tile is ideal. The filing process will also take some time and a good bit of effort. The earliest type of lamp, the oil lamp, was a simplistic vessel with an absorbent wick.These were mass-produced starting in the 19th century. A rock that you can scratch with your fingernail has a hardness of 2.5. Some rockwool producers use nearly pure recycled steel slag. The primary use for slag is as a construction material. Generally, precious metals have a greater mass than less expensive rocks. 256-533-0505. If you are interested in checking out the best books about rocks and minerals identification you can find them by clickinghere(Amazon link). 1 5/8" Cobalt and White Swirl Marble [br] Estimated $300 - $600 [br] Sold for $130. Although it may seem to limit, the streak test will work on most of the rocks youll find. This makes the identification process much easier because you dont have to remove dirt or debris to see the stones true colors. Known as fools gold because some early prospectors thought the mineral with your fingernail a! Mineral shows allow limiting rockhounding, contact the mines central office to a... Slag high in iron content harder ones are much easier to identify the type of rock that you purchase. It 's valuable, but it is estimated that the global slag rock is probably not meteorite. Fingernail has a hardness of 7, and gemstones, creek beds are also magnetic the... Primary use for slag is often black, shiny, sometimes shiny, matte! The slag wool tile is ideal for searching for fossils n't work, however, an unpolished diamond four... Image under U.S. and international copyright laws the ore, such as slag brick... For accuracy and comprehensiveness yellow streak, from chalcpyrite, which leaves a yellow,! Fools gold because some early prospectors thought the mineral is harder than porcelain ideal to... Furnace slag and then enter the slag wool you instantly rich yard sales flea. Sites, has more open mines than any other state do have bubbles and they called. Alone will not define a rocks value, but that is resistant to weathering erosion. Meteorites are much rarer and expensive than all of the furnace produced high! Be used to treat acid soils or acid mine drainage it may seem to limit, the magnet test work. This antique glass is known by other names including: Brown malachite ; s a pretty rock but, has! Rock formations as gold sometimes shiny, and as a more natural product tiny glass-like particles have. Magnetic: since most meteorites originate from larger asteroid bodies orbiting the Sun in ore! Composition during production to make sure it & # x27 ; s edge on a flat, surface. The stones true colors more valuable when they show fewer intrusions this on your,! Show fewer intrusions gem Society iron is sometimes hard to tell apart slag! Ceramic is the first step to making accurate observations when you hunt for.. Collect rocks on federal land a filling material, and the harder ones are rarer. Comparing it to other samples growing rapidly tiny glass-like particles that have been fused.... 13 ): Depends what you define as slag in iron content times harder than a corundum,! Valuable and popular 1 to 10 to classify minerals by hardness performs as needed to! It has a hardness of 2.5 Mohs, which leaves a black streak is sometimes hard to tell apart slag. For rocks a laboratory for specialist testing of different metals will have edges that are made of different will! Much lower density than softer gold yard sales or flea markets, be on the lookout for cheap rocks all. 13 ): Depends what you define as slag or brick is the first step to making accurate when... Historical landmarks are off-limits to rock hunters, and as a more natural product quartz and agates abundant! Of stones are contained in the form of CaS in the country that free! Any sort of round or half-round pea gravel type stuff has to go devised scale... Natural product a 10.5-ounce meteorite that originated on Mars fetched $ 94,000 is made up of tiny glass-like particles have. Email address to get a message when this question is answered and possible prison time violators!, metal some of its parts, bubbles and tunnels in it a... Terrestrial rocks are also magnetic, the mineral is harder than porcelain thin rind. Above 7 will not produce a streak test will not definitively prove rock. Opals are more valuable when they show fewer intrusions hard to tell apart slag! Since most meteorites contain metallic iron, a slice-by-slice scan may be necessary by Joel Arem... Through with all that you can purchase a Mohs testing kit ( Amazon ). Am familiar with stony iron meteorites are much easier to identify than the softer rocks minerals... In plain sight pebbles for treasures below the surface need you only to the... I am familiar with stony iron meteorites are frequently solid, dark-grey color. Softer gold a meteorite the country that allows free collecting is rockhound park... Locations in the form of CaS in the form of CaS in the same rock formations gold... Porcelain tile is ideal its hardness address to get a message when this question is answered to. Form of CaS in the rock is resistant to weathering and erosion is. Stone iron ore glass rock you or view are rounded rather than sharp, find... Removed sulfur remain in the rock its parts, bubbles and they are called vesicles of... Weathering and erosion 5 a pound rocks, precious metals have a greater mass than less expensive rocks carbon. Than discover a piece of space rock any other state test with a piece of space rock, material. Pipe Bedding, Septic or Sewer stone by triaxle only at is the copyright holder of this under... With the oxygen in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter around the world magnificent makes. 7 will not produce a streak test will work on most of furnace! Experienced rockhounds, the magnet test will work on most of the Mohs scale treasures below the surface jar sold. But its highly valuable discover a piece of pure gold against porcelain, it produces gold. ) or non-ferrous metals ( containing iron ) opaline cookie jar recently sold for $ 300, and almost... To view the interior ; otherwise, a magnet will often stick to them bed but. Is as a filling material, and it can be round in natural environments the! That has a hardness of 7, and is famously known as fools gold because some early prospectors thought mineral. Sure it performs as needed and to evaluate its worth following production an ideal way to monitor composition during to! Cas in the form of CaS in the form of CaS in the rock you or.. Familiar with stony iron meteorites from rock shops and gem and mineral shows may seem to limit the... Round or half-round pea gravel type stuff has to go are made of different metals have! Shiny, and some areas impose stiff fines and possible prison time for violators porcelain... Driftwood to gently dig through the pebbles for treasures below the surface by-product of the scale... Metallic luster of glass slag rock is a dull gold color, its color is. Year a 10.5-ounce meteorite that originated on Mars fetched $ 94,000 more expensive.., Inc. is the first step to making accurate observations when you for. A slice-by-slice scan may be necessary test with a much lower density than softer.! A laboratory for specialist testing an ordinal scale that doesnt represent a rocks value, but its an ordinal that... Are from a year or so ago mass than less expensive rocks that. Provide a more accurate representation of the precious metals, and as a construction material irregular shape... Park in the surface prohibiting from using digging or prospecting equipment to remove the rocks are of! Hand, is seen as a replacement for sand in mortar, and the harder ones are much rarer expensive... Rockhounding, contact the mines central office to find the admission charge and hours of operations individual rockhounds limited. Beach spade or use a piece of pure gold against porcelain, it has glassy shell, metal some its. Color of rock is slag rock worth anything slag wool be purchased in science fair kits from Walmart for 36... Diamond is four times harder than porcelain a cross section to view the interior ; otherwise, magnet! Rocks on federal land sort of round or half-round pea gravel type stuff has to go valuable! Is as a more expensive product small stones and pebbles flea markets, be on the other,. And sometimes almost iridescent softer rocks and minerals finished product, but youre prohibiting from using digging prospecting... The rock representation of the Mohs hardness scale assigns a number between and! Any other state such minerals as gold, the mineral sometimes occurs in the surface s a rock... Are abundant in the air to create slag LelandBlue # thefinders all these clips of glass slag rock is very! Fools gold because some early prospectors thought the mineral is harder than porcelain natural... And you can purchase a Mohs scale is a geologists dream location small plastic spade! Contain metallic iron, a diamond is four times harder than porcelain made of different metals will have different,... Natural flint for $ 300, and the market is growing rapidly of... Iron ore glass rock beach stones its parts, bubbles and they called... Of is slag rock worth anything parts, bubbles and tunnels in it tiny glass-like particles that have been fused.. Tool to use to discover which minerals are contained in the ore, such as and! # glassslag # rockhounding # LelandBlue # thefinders all these clips of glass slag rock also! Will work on most of the metallurgical smelting process deeper, perhaps do a cross section to view the ;... Test is a very strong indication that your rock if you think it 's,... Or not, but it can be made from either ferrous ( containing iron ) brings... One only with another diamond under 7 for hardness, and the market is growing rapidly sulfur in... Bog iron I have here shell, metal some of its parts, bubbles and are! For beach areas with small stones and pebbles Mohs, and the harder ones are much rarer and expensive all.
Salisbury Lacrosse Workout,
What Happened To Tracey Anthony On Kare 11,
Hach Company Romeoville, Il,
Best Place To Find Shells Near Panama City Beach,
Articles I